FBX - 在 FBX 文件中，我应该使用哪些数据来构建模型的骨架并为其制作动画？
FBX - In a FBX file, which data should I use to build the skeleton of a model and animate it?
出于学习目的，我正在用 C++ 编写 FBX 文件 reader，以了解这种 3D 模型的工作原理。我必须说明我过去已经成功编写了一个 .x 文件 reader，所以我对骨架、骨骼和蒙皮权重等概念很满意。
至此，我编写了一个能够读取和解析 FBX 文件内容的代码，并提取并显示 T 姿势的基本模型。我还假设我正确理解了 FBX 数据的结构方式，以及如何 link 将元素组合在一起并重建骨架等重要层次结构。
但是我有点困惑我需要为骨骼和动画使用哪些数据。关于第一个，我有一个变形器层次结构，每个变形器包含或多或少的数据：
Deformer: 46748048, "SubDeformer::clavicle_r_adult_female", "Cluster" {
Version: 100
UserData: "", ""
Indexes: *519 {
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}
Weights: *519 {
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}
Transform: *16 {
a: -0.123373719334279,-0.99196749922193,-0.027920301987042,0,0.992355646027652,-0.123409809667645,-0.000433905912925563,0,-0.00301521838998339,-0.027760406427305,0.999610006806728,0,-143.172744832652,15.6358909641465,-2.8187465670338,1
}
TransformLink: *16 {
a: -0.123373739421368,0.992355763912201,-0.00301521876826882,0,-0.991967380692227,-0.123409802494671,-0.0277604032298401,0,-0.0279203050840802,-0.000433906111948186,0.999610125984453,0,-2.23216390609741,144.006698608398,2.8200089931488,1
}
}
很好，所以我知道我的蒙皮权重位于何处。这个变形器 link 使用属于我的骨架的模型编辑，如下图所示：
Model: 43880864, "Model::clavicle_r", "LimbNode" {
Version: 232
Properties70: {
P: "RotationActive", "bool", "", "",1
P: "InheritType", "enum", "", "",1
P: "ScalingMax", "Vector3D", "Vector", "",0,0,0
P: "DefaultAttributeIndex", "int", "Integer", "",0
P: "Lcl Translation", "Lcl Translation", "", "A",-2.5624293094302,24.4011353780869,1.75273844028327
P: "Lcl Rotation", "Lcl Rotation", "", "A+",-1.59647649138759,0.126098006759319,97.8618363489333
P: "MHName", "KString", "", "U", "clavicle_r"
}
Culling: "CullingOff"
}
此模型似乎与 PoseNode 元素有关：
PoseNode: {
Node: 43880864
Matrix: *16 {
a: -0.123373724520206,-0.991967499256134,-0.0279203020036221,-0,0.992355644702911,-0.123409815132618,-0.000433906068792567,-0,-0.00301521853543818,-0.0277604050934315,0.999610006809235,0,-143.172744750977,15.6358909606934,-2.81874656677246,1
}
}
还有一些动画数据link被添加到上面的模型中，它们是由一个AnimationCurveNode组成的，就像这个...:[=15=]
AnimationCurveNode: 41325152, "AnimCurveNode::R", "" {
Properties70: {
P: "d|X", "Number", "", "A",0
P: "d|Y", "Number", "", "A",0
P: "d|Z", "Number", "", "A",0
}
}
...并将 3 个 AnimationCurve linked 到 AnimationCurveNode，如下例所示：
AnimationCurve: 43322352, "AnimCurve::", "" {
Default: 6.83911848068237
KeyVer: 4009
KeyTime: *30 {
a: 0,1539538600,3079077200,4618615800,6158154400,7697693000,9237231600,10776770200,12316308800,13855847400,15395386000,16934924600,18474463200,20014001800,21553540400,23093079000,24632617600,26172156200,27711694800,29251233400,30790772000,32330310600,33869849200,35409387800,36948926400,38488465000,40028003600,41567542200,43107080800,44646619400
}
KeyValueFloat: *30 {
a: 6.839118,4.812448,2.579699,2.663273,2.931432,0.4413721,-2.407341,-2.829627,-2.010718,-0.2999563,0.4959856,0.8600912,2.385289,7.922067,12.00326,14.10983,16.25888,17.10504,13.76837,11.45222,7.290313,4.249648,3.026491,4.031856,4.573201,5.226569,5.798617,6.815637,7.556128,6.839089
}
;KeyAttrFlags: Cubic|TangeantAuto|GenericTimeIndependent
KeyAttrFlags: *1 {
a: 8456
}
;KeyAttrDataFloat: RightAuto:0, NextLeftAuto:0
KeyAttrDataFloat: *4 {
a: 0,0,218434821,0
}
KeyAttrRefCount: *1 {
a: 30
}
}
正如我所说，我对 3d 动画模型中的几个概念很满意，所以权重和 KeyTime/KeyData 结构对我来说非常清楚。
但我只是不明白我应该使用哪些数据来构建我的骨架，因为以下所有数据都可能完成这项工作（甚至可能 none 个？）：
- 我应该使用变形器中的变换矩阵吗？或者
- 我应该改用 TransformLink 吗？或者
- 我应该使用模型中可用的 Lcl Translation/Lcl 旋转吗？或者
- 我应该使用姿势节点中可用的矩阵吗？或者
- 我应该混合使用所有这些值吗？
Transform 和 TransformLink 矩阵之间有什么区别？
同样，动画的可用数据也让我很困惑，因为有一个浮点值应该随时间应用......但是什么？这个值是什么意思，因为它显然不是百分比（即介于 0 和 1 之间）？
如果有人可以更详细地解释一下这些值的含义，以及我可以如何使用它们，我会很高兴。
经过一个月的搜索和头痛，我终于理解了所有这些数据是如何协同工作的。
“Lcl Translation”和“Lcl Rotation”包含在Model结构中表示骨架中的骨骼，一旦组合成矩阵。模型层次结构就是骨架本身。
包含在Deformer结构中的TransformLink矩阵是与骨骼矩阵结合的矩阵，将每个顶点转换为它们的最终地点。请注意，此矩阵在使用前应反转。
最后，与父级 AnimationCurveNode 链接的 AnimationCurve 结构包含应用于它们链接的每个骨骼矩阵的新值。它们包含 3 个 x、y 和 z 值，表示随时间变化的新局部平移或旋转，其中“AnimCurveNode::T”表示平移，而“AnimCurveNode::R”表示旋转。
我找不到 Deformer 结构中包含的 Transform 矩阵以及 PoseNode层级。
如果您对最终结果感兴趣，可以在此处找到我的 FBX reader 项目：https://github.com/Jeanmilost/Demos/tree/master/Visual%20Studio/OpenGL/FBX
出于学习目的，我正在用 C++ 编写 FBX 文件 reader，以了解这种 3D 模型的工作原理。我必须说明我过去已经成功编写了一个 .x 文件 reader，所以我对骨架、骨骼和蒙皮权重等概念很满意。
至此，我编写了一个能够读取和解析 FBX 文件内容的代码，并提取并显示 T 姿势的基本模型。我还假设我正确理解了 FBX 数据的结构方式，以及如何 link 将元素组合在一起并重建骨架等重要层次结构。
但是我有点困惑我需要为骨骼和动画使用哪些数据。关于第一个，我有一个变形器层次结构，每个变形器包含或多或少的数据：
Deformer: 46748048, "SubDeformer::clavicle_r_adult_female", "Cluster" {
Version: 100
UserData: "", ""
Indexes: *519 {
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}
Weights: *519 {
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}
Transform: *16 {
a: -0.123373719334279,-0.99196749922193,-0.027920301987042,0,0.992355646027652,-0.123409809667645,-0.000433905912925563,0,-0.00301521838998339,-0.027760406427305,0.999610006806728,0,-143.172744832652,15.6358909641465,-2.8187465670338,1
}
TransformLink: *16 {
a: -0.123373739421368,0.992355763912201,-0.00301521876826882,0,-0.991967380692227,-0.123409802494671,-0.0277604032298401,0,-0.0279203050840802,-0.000433906111948186,0.999610125984453,0,-2.23216390609741,144.006698608398,2.8200089931488,1
}
}
很好，所以我知道我的蒙皮权重位于何处。这个变形器 link 使用属于我的骨架的模型编辑，如下图所示：
Model: 43880864, "Model::clavicle_r", "LimbNode" {
Version: 232
Properties70: {
P: "RotationActive", "bool", "", "",1
P: "InheritType", "enum", "", "",1
P: "ScalingMax", "Vector3D", "Vector", "",0,0,0
P: "DefaultAttributeIndex", "int", "Integer", "",0
P: "Lcl Translation", "Lcl Translation", "", "A",-2.5624293094302,24.4011353780869,1.75273844028327
P: "Lcl Rotation", "Lcl Rotation", "", "A+",-1.59647649138759,0.126098006759319,97.8618363489333
P: "MHName", "KString", "", "U", "clavicle_r"
}
Culling: "CullingOff"
}
此模型似乎与 PoseNode 元素有关：
PoseNode: {
Node: 43880864
Matrix: *16 {
a: -0.123373724520206,-0.991967499256134,-0.0279203020036221,-0,0.992355644702911,-0.123409815132618,-0.000433906068792567,-0,-0.00301521853543818,-0.0277604050934315,0.999610006809235,0,-143.172744750977,15.6358909606934,-2.81874656677246,1
}
}
还有一些动画数据link被添加到上面的模型中，它们是由一个AnimationCurveNode组成的，就像这个...:[=15=]
AnimationCurveNode: 41325152, "AnimCurveNode::R", "" {
Properties70: {
P: "d|X", "Number", "", "A",0
P: "d|Y", "Number", "", "A",0
P: "d|Z", "Number", "", "A",0
}
}
...并将 3 个 AnimationCurve linked 到 AnimationCurveNode，如下例所示：
AnimationCurve: 43322352, "AnimCurve::", "" {
Default: 6.83911848068237
KeyVer: 4009
KeyTime: *30 {
a: 0,1539538600,3079077200,4618615800,6158154400,7697693000,9237231600,10776770200,12316308800,13855847400,15395386000,16934924600,18474463200,20014001800,21553540400,23093079000,24632617600,26172156200,27711694800,29251233400,30790772000,32330310600,33869849200,35409387800,36948926400,38488465000,40028003600,41567542200,43107080800,44646619400
}
KeyValueFloat: *30 {
a: 6.839118,4.812448,2.579699,2.663273,2.931432,0.4413721,-2.407341,-2.829627,-2.010718,-0.2999563,0.4959856,0.8600912,2.385289,7.922067,12.00326,14.10983,16.25888,17.10504,13.76837,11.45222,7.290313,4.249648,3.026491,4.031856,4.573201,5.226569,5.798617,6.815637,7.556128,6.839089
}
;KeyAttrFlags: Cubic|TangeantAuto|GenericTimeIndependent
KeyAttrFlags: *1 {
a: 8456
}
;KeyAttrDataFloat: RightAuto:0, NextLeftAuto:0
KeyAttrDataFloat: *4 {
a: 0,0,218434821,0
}
KeyAttrRefCount: *1 {
a: 30
}
}
正如我所说，我对 3d 动画模型中的几个概念很满意，所以权重和 KeyTime/KeyData 结构对我来说非常清楚。
但我只是不明白我应该使用哪些数据来构建我的骨架，因为以下所有数据都可能完成这项工作（甚至可能 none 个？）：
- 我应该使用变形器中的变换矩阵吗？或者
- 我应该改用 TransformLink 吗？或者
- 我应该使用模型中可用的 Lcl Translation/Lcl 旋转吗？或者
- 我应该使用姿势节点中可用的矩阵吗？或者
- 我应该混合使用所有这些值吗？
Transform 和 TransformLink 矩阵之间有什么区别？
同样，动画的可用数据也让我很困惑，因为有一个浮点值应该随时间应用......但是什么？这个值是什么意思，因为它显然不是百分比（即介于 0 和 1 之间）？
如果有人可以更详细地解释一下这些值的含义，以及我可以如何使用它们，我会很高兴。
经过一个月的搜索和头痛，我终于理解了所有这些数据是如何协同工作的。
“Lcl Translation”和“Lcl Rotation”包含在Model结构中表示骨架中的骨骼，一旦组合成矩阵。模型层次结构就是骨架本身。
包含在Deformer结构中的TransformLink矩阵是与骨骼矩阵结合的矩阵，将每个顶点转换为它们的最终地点。请注意，此矩阵在使用前应反转。
最后，与父级 AnimationCurveNode 链接的 AnimationCurve 结构包含应用于它们链接的每个骨骼矩阵的新值。它们包含 3 个 x、y 和 z 值，表示随时间变化的新局部平移或旋转，其中“AnimCurveNode::T”表示平移，而“AnimCurveNode::R”表示旋转。
我找不到 Deformer 结构中包含的 Transform 矩阵以及 PoseNode层级。
如果您对最终结果感兴趣，可以在此处找到我的 FBX reader 项目：https://github.com/Jeanmilost/Demos/tree/master/Visual%20Studio/OpenGL/FBX